Yeovil's Virtual Museum

james bazeley petter

Founder of Yeovil's Engineering empire

 

James Bazeley Petter was born in Barnstaple, Devon in 1847, the son of John Petter. His father moved his family to Yeovil around 1865 when he purchased the ironmongery business of Hannam & Gillet in the Borough (today's 15 High Street) and was advertised in the Post Office Directory of 1866.

In the autumn of 1870 James married Charlotte Waddams Branscombe of Bristol, the daughter of Henry Branscombe, a rubber merchant, and his wife Elizabeth. His father gave James the ironmongery business as a wedding present although he was advertising the business as "John Petter, Ironmonger" for years to come as seen in an 1878 advertisement from Whitby's Yeovil Almanack Advertiser. In the 1871 census the newly-married James and Charlotte were listed at the ironmongery shop in High Street, and 24-year old James gave his occupation as "Ironmonger employing 11 men and 8 boys". Three shop assistants were living on the premises as well as two general domestic servants.

By 1872 Petter had acquired the Yeovil Foundry and Engineering Works, making agricultural machinery, from William Rowe who was retiring. Petter took the manager, Henry Francis Edgar, known as Frank, as a partner in the business. They advertised their new business in the Somerset & Bristol Directory of 1872 and the advertisement from Whitby's Yeovil Almanack Advertiser of 1878, shown below, testifies to the large range of products and services they offered.

Around 1881 James designed a modern and efficient fire grate which he called the 'Nautilus' because its internal structure resembled the internal structure of a Nautilus shell in which smoke from the fire circulated before being expelled by means of a flue. Several versions of this efficient system, including a gas-fired model, were designed and manufactured. He founded the Nautilus Stove Company which made his fire grates and kitchen ranges at his Nautilus Grate Works in Hendford, next door to Ayr House and opposite the Manor Hotel (see map below). The building, owned by Frederick Greenham, was known as 'The Rink' because it had originally been built as a skating rink. The site is now occupied by Dolphin House. In 1882 Petter's Nautilus grate was exhibited at the Manchester Smoke Abatement Exhibition but after Queen Victoria had one of Petter's grates installed at Osborne House and another at Balmoral his grates became nationally famous and demand for them grew substantially. The advert seen here dates to 1888.

The Nautilus Grate Works proved to be too small to accommodate the ever-increasing production demands of their company. Not only that but in 1889, following the death of Frederick Greenham, the Rink was put up for sale as part of Greenham's extensive land holdings. It was bought by cabinetmaker Henry White for £800 (about £90,000 at today's value).

Petter and Edgar bought the Yeovil Iron and Brass Foundry on the corner or Huish and Clarence Street (now under Tesco's car park) that had belonged to Sansbury & Savery and then William Rowe. A cast iron bollard in Waterloo Lane, photographed below, is (as far as I'm aware) the last surviving evidence in Yeovil from Petter & Edgar's Iron & Brass Foundry.

In 1889 James' partner, Henry Edgar, died in accident and in 1890 his twin sons, Percy and Edmund, left school to start their apprenticeship in their father's ironmongery and foundry business.

In the 1891 census James and Charlotte were living above the ironmongery shop in the Borough (today's 15 High Street) that was sandwiched between William Maynard's grocery cum confectioners and Edmund Damon's outfitters. By this time they had nine of their children living with them (altogether James and Charlotte were to have fifteen children). James listed his occupation as Ironmonger (Master) and the four eldest boys were all ironmongers' apprentices - James JB aged 19, twins Ernest and Percival (known as Percy) aged 17 and Hugh aged 16. The remaining children were all listed as scholars. Also living in was another apprentice as well as a cook, housemaid and nurse.

By 1892 Ernest and Percy had designed and produced a self-propelled oil engine and in 1895 they developed a new engine of one horse-power designed specifically to propel a 'horseless carriage'. They designed the first motor car with an internal combustion engine to be made in the United Kingdom, using a converted four wheel Hill and Boll horse-drawn phaeton and a 3hp Petter horizontal oil engine. The vehicle was constructed at the carriage works of Hill and Boll in Park Road. It weighed 9cwt (457kg), including the 120lb (54kg) of the Petter engine with its flywheel and side bars, and had a top speed of 12 miles per hour. This same year James made Percy the manager of the foundry.

In the late 1890's James and his sons established the Yeovil Motor Car Co Ltd with the intent of manufacturing automobiles. Initially the company produced a small motor carriage for two but eventually twelve different models were designed and produced although sales did not meet the anticipated targets. In 1897 the Petters entered the 'Yeovil Car' for trials at Chelsea organised by The Engineer magazine. However they failed to achieve the commercial success they had hoped for with automobiles and consequently adapted their engines for agricultural and industrial use.

In 1897 he was appointed as a Borough Magistrate.

In the 1901 census James and Charlotte were still living above the shop in the Borough (although they would shortly move to a house in The Park) with their children - Guy, aged 28 and an engine maker; Percival, age 27 an iron founder; Hugh, age 26 an ironmonger; Mary, age 25; Gertrude age 24; Claude, age 20 a glove manufacturer; Evelyn, age 11 and Richard, age 9.

In 1901 Ernest and Percy bought the business from their father following which they reorganised and renamed it as James B Petter & Sons with both the sons as joint managing directors. James retired from business and moved briefly to live in Bristol although he shortly returned to Yeovil to live in his house 'The Grange' in Park Road but died just five years later.

His obituary in the 20 April 1906 edition of 'The Engineer' read "We regret to have to announce the death of Mr JB Petter, which took place at his house, West Park, Yeovil, after a very short illness, on Tuesday, April 17th. Mr Petter was the founder of the firm of James B Petter & Sons, and retired from active management in 1901. He was fifty-nine years of age, a member of several public bodies at Yeovil, and a magistrate for the borough."

Both Petters Way and Petters House are named after the family.

 

 

Map based on the 1886 Ordnance Survey showing Petter's first Nautilus Grate Works in Hendford at bottom left. 

 

The Yeovil Iron & Brass Foundry on the corner or Huish and Clarence Street (now under Tesco's car park) that had belonged to Sansbury & Savery and then William Rowe.

 

 

James Bazeley Petter
1847-1906

 

James Bazeley Petter with his family. (Back Row) Tilly, John, Percy, Harry, Guy, Claude. (Middle Row) Hugh - added later, Gertrude, James, Charlotte, Mary. (Front Row) Dick, Eva and Ernest. 

 

The original photograph features in my book 'Yeovil From Old Photographs'

A colourised photograph or around 1940, showing James Petter's house, 'The Grange', in The Park which he inherited from his father. The house was demolished in 1976 as part of the Queensway dual carriageway project.

 

A painting made in 1810 of the Borough looking towards High Street which runs to the distance at left. The building at centre was the Market House, built in 1740, and behind it to the right was the butcher's Shambles, built in 1803. At left, the building with the arched ground floor (built in 1790) is the only building surviving in the Borough today and originally the ironmongery shop of William Edwards, then Josiah Hannam followed by James Bazeley Petter and then Hill & Sawtell. Today it is Superdrug.

 

Petter & Edgar's advertisement in the 1878 edition of Whitby's Yeovil Almanack Advertiser extolling their large and diverse range of products and services.

 

A two-page spread from Whitby's Yeovil Almanack Advertiser of 1883 showing at left an advertisement for Petter's domestic ironmongery business in the Borough and at right his iron foundry and Engineering business in partnership with Henry Edgar.

 

Petter's advertisement, surprisingly for selling guns and ammunition, in the 18 August 1893 edition of the Western Gazette.

 

James Bazeley Petter (steering) sitting next to Herbert Southcombe, with twin sons Percy (left) and Ernest (right) in the rear seat, on one of their automobiles in a photograph of about 1897 with coachwork by Hill & Boll. Percy Petter later wrote in his memoirs "In those days the law required that every mechanically propelled vehicle should be proceeded by a man walking with a red flag, and, as the horses were quite unaccustomed to 'Horseless Carriages,' they usually took fright when they saw one coming, and this gave us a lot of trouble."

 

Courtesy of Olly Ewens

This photograph is from a 1952 newspaper article and was taken on the occasion of the opening of Sidney Gardens in June 1898. The group, photographed with the Mayor, Mr John Vincent, has as its background the thatched bandstand given by James Bazeley Petter to mark the opening. Standing (left to right) are: - E Benson, W Summers, J Kerby Whitby, Mr Brown, William Maynard, GH Gould, Edward Samuel Ewens, Henry Jesty (mace-bearer), William W Johnson, Charles J Hook, James Bazeley Petter (donor), W Armitage (Borough Surveyor), John Howe Farley, Walter J Nosworthy, William Beale Collins, Charles Fox. Sitting - Levi Beer, CW Pittard, Sidney Watts, Mrs Vincent, John Vincent (Mayor), Joseph Chaffey Moore, William Cox.

 

The presentation of the Sidney Gardens fountain on 24 May 1899. You'd have thought at least one of 'em could have raised a slight smile. James Petter is No 6 on the sketch below.

So, who was who? Unfortunately only some of the gathering are known, these are as follows -
1 Cllr GH Gould, 2 Cllr Edward Samuel Ewens, 4 Cllr WW Johnson, 5 G Gawler, 6 Cllr James Bazeley Petter, 7 WG Armytage (Borough Surveyor), Henry Jesty (Mace Bearer), 9 Cllr Charles Hook, 10 JK Whitby, 11 Cllr HF Raymond, 14 William Maynard, 15 Alderman Sidney Watts, 16 Miss Watts, 17 Miss Vincent, 18 Mrs Vincent, 20 Alderman William Cox, 22 Mayor John Vincent, 23 Alderman Joseph Chaffey Moore, 24 Cllr Charles Wreford Pittard, 25 Henry Butler Batten (Town Clerk), 26 JH Farley (who donated the fountain), 27 Ebenezer Pittard, 29 William Beale Collins.

 

A view of High Street from the Borough probably taken in the 1890's with James' shop at left.

 

This postcard of the Borough dates to about 1905 and shows Petter's ironmongery shop at extreme left with the family accommodation above.

 

This photograph was taken by Yeovil Photographer Jarratt Beckett and published in his 1897 book  "Somerset viewed through a Camera".

 

A postcard dated 1905 of Petter's second shop in High Street. The people at right are standing at the entrance to George Court and at extreme right is the first of the arches of the Town Hall.

 

This photograph of High Street dates to about 1914 (by which time the Town Hall clock tower had been rebuilt) with Petter's ironmongery at left. By this time the ironmongery business was being run by James' son, Hugh.

 

The oldest surviving building in the Borough and originally the ironmongery shop of William Edwards (who built it in 1790), then Josiah Hannam followed by James Bazeley Petter and then Hill & Sawtell. Today it is Superdrug.

 

 

As far as I'm aware, this cast iron bollard in Waterloo Lane is the last one surviving in Yeovil from Petter & Edgar's Iron & Brass Foundry. Photographed in 2013.

 

This gully-grating (opposite the Butchers Arms), made at the Petters & Edgar Yeovil Foundry is also a lone survivor. Photographed in 2014.